PULSE SEQUENCES & TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)

2D - Two Dimensional
3D - Three Dimensional
ADC - Apparent Diffusion Coefficient
ASL - Arterial Spin Labeling
BFFE - Balanced Fast Field Echo
BSSFP - Balanced Steady State Free Precession
CE-FAST - Contrast Enhanced Fourier Acquired Steady State Technique
CE-FFE _ Contrast Enhanced Fast Field Echo
CE-MRA - Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography
CE-MRI - Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
CMRA - Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography
CGE - Coherent Gradient Echo
CISS- Constructive Interference in Steady State
CMR - Cardiac Magentic Resonance
CMRI - CMR Imaging
CMRS - CMR Spectroscopy
CNR - Contrast to Noise Ratio
CSFSE - Continguous Slice Fast Acquisition Spin Echo
DE - Driven Equilibrium
DEFAISE - Dual Echo Fast Acquisition Interleaved Spin Echo
DEFGR - Driven Equilibrium Fast Gradient Recalled acquisition in steady state
DE-MRI - Delayed Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging
DESS - Dual Echo Steady State
DFT - Discrete Fourier Transform
DIET - Dual Interval Echo Train
DSMR - Dobutamine Stress Magnetic Resonance
DTI - Diffusion Tensor Imaging
DWI - Diffusion Weighted Imaging
EPI - Echo Planar Imaging
E-SHORT - Steady state gradient echo with spin echo sampling
FA - Flip Angle
FADE - Fast Acquisition with Dual Echo
FAME - Fast Acquisition Multi-Echo
FASE - Fast Adanced Spin Echo
FAST - Fourier Acquired Steady state Technique
FATE - FAst Turbo Echo
FE - Field Echo
FEDIF - Field Echo DIFference
FEER - Field Even Echo by Reversal
FESUM - Field Echo SUMmation
FFE - Fast Field Echo
FFT - Fast Fourier Transform
FGRE - Fast Gradient Recalled Echo
FID - Free Induction Decay
FIESTA - Fast Imaging Employing STeady state Acquisition
FIS - Free Induction Signal
FISP - Fast Imaging with Steady State Precession
FLAIR - Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery
FLARE - Fast Low Angle Recalled Echo
FLASH - Fast Low Angle SHot
FMPSPGR - Fast Multi-Planar SPoiled Gradient Recalled Echo
FMRI - Fuctional Magentic Resonance Imaging
FOV - Field Of View
FRE - Field Reversal Echo
FS - Fat Suppression
FSE - Fast Spin Echo
FSE-IR - FSE Inversion Recovery
FSPGR - - Fast SPoiled Gradient Recalled Echo
GE - Gradient Echo
GE-EPI - Gradient Echo Planar Imaging
GFE - Gradient Field Echo
GFEC - Gradient Field Echo with Contrast
GRAPPA - GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisition
GRASE - GRadient And Spin Echo
GRASS - GRadient Recalled Acquisition in Steady State
GRE / GRECO / GRECHO - Gradient Recalled Echo
GREC - Gradient Recalled Echo with Contrast
GV-MRA - Great Vessels Magnetic Resonance Angiography
HARDI - High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging
HASTE - Half-Fourier Acquisition with Single Shot Turbo-Spin Echo
HE - Hyper Enhancement
iCMR - Interventional Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
IGE - Incoherent Gradient Echo
IPAT - Integrated Parallel Acquisition Technology
IR - Inversion Recovery
IR-FGE - Inversion Recovery Fast Gradient Echo
IR-FGR - Imversion Recovery Fast Gradient Recalled acquisition in steady state
LGE - Late Gadolinum Enhancement
LTIR - Long Tau Inversion Recovery

MDE - Myocardial Delayed Enhancement
MESS - Multi Echo Single Shot
MIP - Maximum Intensity Projection
MinIP - Minimum Intensity Projection
MMRI - Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MOTSA - Multiple Overlapping Thin Slab Acquisition
MPR - Multi-Planar Reformation / Reconstruction
MPGR - Multi-Planar Gradient Recalled Echo
MPSPGR - Multi-Planar SPoiled Gradient Recalled Echo
MP-RAGE - Multi-Planar Rapid Acquisition with Gradient Echo / Magnetization Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo
MPVR - Multi-Planar Volume Reconstruction
MR - Magnetic Resonance
MRI - Magnetic Resoance Imaging
MSEPI - Multi-shot Echo Planar Imaging
MSI - Multi-Slice Imaging
MTC - Magnetization Transfer Contrast
MTT - Mean Transit Time
NEX - Number of EXcitations
NMR - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
PA - Partial Averaging
PC - Phase Contrast
PD - Proton Density
PDP - Phase Difference Processing
PDW - Proton Density Weighting
PE - Partial Echo
PET/MRI - Positron Emission Tomography / Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PFI - Partial Flip Imaging
Ph-MRI - Pharmaceutical MRI
PS - Partial Saturation / Pulse Sequence
PSIF - Reversed Fast Imaging with Steady State Precession
PVC-MRI - Phase Velocity Cine MRI
QUEST - QUick Echo Split imaging Technique
RAM-FAST - Rapid Acquisition Matrix Fourier Acquired Steady State
RARE - Rapid Acquisition with Relaxed Enhancement
RF - Radio Frequency
RF-FAST - Radio Frequency Fourier Acquired Steady State
RFOV - Rectangular Field Of View
RISE - Rapid Imaging Spin Echo
ROAST- Resonant Offset Averaging in Steady State
ROI - Region Of Interest
RS - Rapid Scan
RSE - Rapid Spin Echo
SA - Signal Averaging
SE - Spin Echo
SE-EPI - Spin Echo Echo Planar Imaging
SENSE - SENSitivity Encoding Technique
SHORT - Short Repetition Technique
SMASH - SiMultaneous Acquisition of Spatial Harmonics
SNR - Signal to Noise Ratio
SPGR - Spoiled Gradient Recalled Echo
SSFP - Steat State Free Precession
SSFSE - Single Shot Fast Spin Echo
SSTSE - Single Shot Turbo Spin Echo
STAGE - Small Tip Angle Gradient Echo
STAGE-T1W - Small Tip Angle Gradient Echo T1 Weighted
STEP - STimulated Echo Progressive imaging
STERF - Steady state Technique with Refocused Free induction decay
STIR - Short T1 Inversion Recovery
T1 - Longitudinal (Spin-Lattice) Relaxation
T1 FAST - T1 Fourier Acquired Steady State
T1W - T1 Weighted
T2 - Transverse (Spin-Spin) Relaxation
T2W - T2 Weighted
T1-FFE - T1 Fast Field Echo
T2-FFE - T2 Fast Field Echo
TE - Echo Time
TFE / Turbo-FE - Turbo Field Echo
TGSE - Turbo Gradient Spin Echo
TI - Inversion Time
TIR - True Inversion Recovery
TOF-MRA - Time Of Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography
TR - Repetition Time for pulse
TR - Temporal Resolution
TRICKS - Time Resolved Imaging of Contrast KineticS
TRUE-FISP - True Fast Imaging Steady state Precession
TSE / Turbo-SE - Turbo Spin Echo
T-SHORT / Turbo-Short - Turbo Short Repetition Technique
UFGE - Ultra Fast Gradient Echo
UFSE - Ultra Fast Spin Echo
USPIO - Ultra Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide
VEC - Velocity EnCoded Imaging
VENC - Vector ENCoding
VIBE - Volume Interpolated Breath-Hold Exam
VIGE - Volume Interpolated Gradient Echo
VRT - Volume Rendered 3D Image

ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGY TERMS USED IN CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE

AA - Ascending Aorta
AAA - Abdominal Aortic Aneursym
ABG - Arterial Blood Gas
AF - Arterial Fibrillation
AI - Aorta Insufficiency
AM - Acute Myocarditis
AO - AOrta
AoCo - Aortic Coarctation
AP - Anterio-Posterior
ALCAPA - Anomalous Left Coronary Artery of Pulmonary Artery
APVR - Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
AR - Aortic Regurgitation
ARVC - Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
ARVD - Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
AS - Aortic Stenosis
ASD - Aterial Septal Defect
ASL - Antero Superior Leaflet
ASO - Arterial Stitch Operation
AV - Atrio Ventricular
AVB - AV Block
AVC - AV Connection
AVM - Aterio Venous Malfunction
AVSD - AV Septal Defect
Azy - Azygous Vein
BB - Black Blood
BBB - Bundle Branch Block
BCPC - Bidirectional Cavo Pulmonary Communication
BCV - Brancho Cephalic Vein
BP - Blood Pressure
BOLD - Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent
bpm - Beats per Minute
BT Shunt - Blalock Taussig Shunt (Blalock Thomas Taussig Shunt)
CA - Cavernous Angiomas
CABG - Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
CAD - Coronary Atery Disease
CCTGA - Congenitally Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries
CFR - Coronary flow Reserve
CHF - Coronary Heart Failure
CT - Circulation Time, Capillary Telangiectasias
CO - Cardiac Output
CoA - Coarctation
DA / DAo - Descending Aorta
DAF - Dural Artero Venous Fistula
DCCF - Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula
DCM - Dilated Cardio Myopathy
DIAG - Diagnosis
DILV - Double Inlet Left Ventricle
DKS - Damus Kaye Stansel
DobE - Dobutamine Echocardiography
DORV - Double Outlet Right Ventricle
DSE - Dobutamine Stress Echo-Cardiography
DSMR - Dobutamine Stress Magnetic Resonance
ECG - Electro Cardio Graphy
ECD - Endo Cardial Cushion Defect
EDV - End Diastolic Volume
EF - Ejection Fraction
ESV - End Systolic Volume
FF - Forward Flow
GA - General Anaesthesia
Gd - Gadolinium
HARP - HARmonic Phase Image
HCM - Hyper-Trophic Cardiomyopathy
HLA - Horizontal Long Axis
HOCM - Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
HR - Heart Rate
HTN - Hyper TensioN
IAD - Inter Arterial Defect
IBL - Inferior Briding Leaflet
IE - Infectious Endocarditis
IHD - Ischemic Heart Disease
IM - Intra Muscular
IMH - Intra Mural Hematoma
IA - Innominate Artery
IV - Innominate Vein
IVC - Inferior Vena Cava

JVD - Jagular Venous Distension
LA - Left Atrium, Long Axis
LAA - Left Atrial Appendage
LAD - Left Anterior Descending Artery
LBL - Left Bridging Leaflet
LCA - Left Coronary Artery
LCC - Left Common Carotid Artery
LCX - Left Circumflex Artery
LIL - Left Inferior Leaflet
LLL - Left Lateral Leaflet
LLPA - Left Lower Pulmonary Artery
LLPV - Left Lower Pulmonary Vein
LMCA - Left Main Coronary Artery
LML - Left Mural Leaflet
LMS - Left Main Stem
LPA - Left Pulmonary Artery
LPV - Left Pulmonary Vein
LSL - Left Superior Leaflet
LV - Left Ventricle
LVD - Left Ventricular Dysfunction
LVNC - Left Ventroicular Non-Compaction
LVOT - Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
LVOTO - LVOT Obstruction
LVSV - Left Ventricular Stroke Volume
MAPCA - Major Aorto Pulmonary Collateral Arteries
MBF -Myocardial Blood Flow
MI - Myocardial Infarction
MPA - Main Pulmonary Artery
MR - Mitral Regurgitation
MV - Mitral Valve
MVP - Mitral Valve Prolapse
NSR - Non Sinus Rhythm
PA - Pulmonary Artery
PAA - Proximal Ascending Aorta
PAD - Peripheral Arterial Disease
PAPVR - Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
PAU - Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer
PCTA / PTA - Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
PDA - Proximal Descending Aorta
PDA - Patent Ductus Ateriosus
PICA - Posterio Inferior Cerebral Artery
PFR - Peak Filling Rate
PLE - Protein Losing Entropathy
PM - Papillary Muscles
PPC - Peri Partum Cardiomyopathy
PPVI - Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implant
PR - Pulmonary Regurgitation
PS - Pulmonary Stenosis
PT - Pulmonary Trunk
PVD - Peripheral Vascular Disease
PVR - Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Qp - Pulmonary Flow
Qs - Systematic Flow
RA - Right Atrium
RAA - RA Appendage
RAH - Right Atrium Hypertrophy
RBBB - right Bundle Block
RCA - Right Coronary Artery
RF - Regurgitant Flow
RHD - Rheumatic Heart Disease
RIL - Right Inferior Leaflet
RIPV - Right Inferior Pulmonary Vein
RLL - Right Lateral Leaflet
RLPV - Right Lower Pulmonary Vein
ROMI - Rule Out Myocardial Infarction
RPA - Right Pulmonary Artery
R-R - Time between successive R peaks in ECG wave
RSL - Right Superior Leaflet
RV - Right Ventricle
RVH - Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
RVOT - Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
RVOTO - RVOT Obstruction
RVSV - RV Stroke Volume
SA - Sino Atrial, Saccular Aneurysms, Short Axiz
SAM - Systolic Anterior Motion
SBL - Superior Bridging Leaflet
SCD - Sudden Cardiac Death
SEMI - Sub Endocardial Myocardial Infarction
SMA - Superior Mesentric Artery
SV - Stroke Volume
SVC - Superior Vena Cava
SVR - systemic Vascular Resistance
SVT - Supra Ventricular Tachycardia
TAPVD - Total Anamalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
TAPVR - Total Anamalous Pulmonary Venous Return
TCPC - Total Cavo Pulmonary connection
TIA - Transient Ischemic Attack
TEA - Thrombo Endo Arterectomy
TEE - Trans Esophageal Echocardiography
Tet / TOF - Tetralogy of Fallot
TGA - Transposition of Great Arteries
TIMI - Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction
TMMI - Trans Mural Myocardial Infarction
TOS - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
TTE - Trans Thoracic Echo Cardiography
VA - Venous Angiomas
VCG - Vector ECG
VCATS - Volume Coronary Angiography with Targeted Scans
VD - Venous Dysplasia
VF - Ventricular Fibrillation
VLA - Vertical Long Axis
VPS - View Per Segment
VSD - Ventricular Septal Defect
WMSI - Wall motion Score Index

MODES OF VENTILATOR

IMV: Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
SIMV: Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
AC: Assist/Control
SIMV-PC with PS (Pressure Support)
SIMV-VC with PS (Pressure Support)
PC: Pressure Control
VC: Volume Control
PRVC: Pressure regulated volume control
PSVG: Pressure support volume guarantee
SIMV + VG

ABBREVIATIONS IN RESPIRATORY VENTILATION

ETT: Endotracheal Tube
PEEP: Positive End Expiratory Pressure
CPAP: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, PEEP with no rate
PIP: Peak inspiratory pressure
MAP: Mean Airway Pressure
RR: Respiratory Rate
Ti,Te: Inspiratory and expiratory times
I:E: Ratio of inspiratory to expiratory time
Vt: Tidal Volume, volume of each breath
SaO2 : arterial oxygen saturation determined by arterial blood gas analysis
SpO2 : arterial oxygen saturation determined by pulse oximetry
FiO2 : Fractional inspired oxygen
HFV: High Frequency Ventilation
HFOV: High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilator/Ventilation

TERMS USED IN PROSTHESES

AK - Above the knee – Trans Femoral



Alignment - Position of a prosthetic socket in relation to foot and knee



Amputation - Removal of all or part of a limb due to infection, injury, tumor, disease or trauma



Amputee - A person who has had all or part of a limb removed/amputated or is born without a limb



Amputation (Traumatic) - A spontaneous removal of a limb for example as a result of an accident



Bilateral - Bi means both, meaning both sides



BE - Below elbow - Trans Radial



BK - Below the knee - Trans Tibia



Carbon Fiber - Non-stretch carbon fabric used to reinforce lightweight composite resin structures, such as prosthetic components and socket

Claudication - Pain in the limb upon exertion – due to circulatory insufficiency

Congenital limb deficiency - When all or parts of limb/s do not develop normally in the womb or are missing

CPO - Certified Prosthetist and Orthotist (also known as CO - CP - CPOT)

Disarticulation - Limb is amputated through the joint



Doffing - Taking the prosthesis off

Donning - Putting the prosthesis on

ECG - Electro-Cardiograph, recording of the electrical activity of the heart



Edema - Swelling of the tissues (also spelled oedema)

Endo - Inside (Endoskeletal Prosthesis – one with internal supporting structures)


Exo - Outside (Exoskeletal Prosthesis – one with external rigid fiberglass structure)



Gait training - Learning to walk with a prosthesis

Interface - Inner surface of socket, or portion of prosthesis closest to the skin

Liner - Soft socket rolled or pulled over the residual limb and used for protection, comfort and in some cases as a suspension device

Lower extremity - Lower limb

Occupational therapy - Training to maximize independence in daily life.



PPAM - Pneumatic Post Amputation Mobility Aid is an inflatable device (not a prosthesis) that is used by some physiotherapists as part of the rehabilitation programme prior to prosthetic rehabilitation

Patella - Kneecap




Peripheral vascular disease - Disease of the blood vessels from a variety of causes

Phantom pain - Painful feeling in the part of the extremity that has been amputated

Phantom sensation - Awareness of the amputated limb although not described as pain

Phantom limb - Sensation of the presence of the limb that has been amputated

Physical therapy - Therapeutic exercises in order to treat a disease or a disability

Pistoning - When a liner stretches so that the stump elongates – or the vertical motion of a residual limb inside a prosthetic socket

Prosthesis - A fabricated/artificial substitute for a body part that is missing

Prostheses - More than one prosthesis (plural form)

Prosthetist - Someone who designs, fits and makes artificial limbs and who’s education and training and expertise is recognized and credentialed by the Canadian Board for Certification of Prosthetists and Orthotists

Residual limb - The remaining part of the limb after amputation (the stump)

Socket - The part of the prosthesis (artificial limb) that fits around the residual limb – and fits around the Liner or socket insert if one is used

Socket insert - A soft form that is contoured to fit around the residual limb and fits inside the Socket to provide for some increased padding and comfort for the residual limb

Suction socket - A socket on an artificial leg that excludes the entry of air and is held to the residual limb by the suction of negative pressure maintained within the socket

Total contact - Total contact between the residual limb and socket at all points

Transradial - Amputation below the elbow (Through the radius and ulna bones)

Transfemoral (TF) - Amputation above the knee (Through the femur bone)

Transmetasatal (TM) - Amputation through the metatarsal foot bones (Partial foot amputation)

Transtibial (TT) - Amputation below the knee (Through the tibia and fibula bones)

Transhumeral - Amputation above the elbow (Through the humerus bone)

Upper extremity - Upper limb

Vascular amputation - Amputation surgery performed as a result of impaired circulation of blood through the blood vessels of the limb

ABBREVIATIONS IN LASER ENGINEERING - D

D* detectivity
DBR distributed Bragg reflector
DCG dichromated gelatin
DCPBH double channel planar buried heterostructure
DFB distributed feedback
DFDL distributed feedback dye lasers
DIN Deutsche Institu¨t fu¨r Normung
DM depth of modulation
DODCI diethyloxadicarbon-cyanine iodide
DOES double heterostructure optoelectronic switches
DoF depth of focus
D-MQW diluted multi-quantum well
DUT device under test
DWDM dense wavelength division multiplex

ABBREVIATIONS IN LASER ENGINEERING - C

C/S coupler/ splitter
CAD computer-aided design
CAIBE chemically assisted ion-beam etching
CARS coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy
CBE chemical beam epitaxy
CCD charge coupled device
CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health (of FDA)
CET Cooperative Energy Transfer
Ch choroid
CID charge-injection device
CIE Commission International de I’Eclairage
CMBH capped mesa buried heterostructure
COD catastrophic optical damage
CPM colliding-pulse mode-locked
CSBC channel substrate buried crescent
CSO composite second order
cw continuous wave

ABBREVIATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - D

DAC Digital-to-analog converter
DAS Data acquisition system
dB Decibel
DB Direct body
DBMS Data base management system
DBS Deep brain stimulation
dc Direct current
DCCT Diabetes control and complications trial
DCP Distal cavity pressure
DCS Dorsal column stimulation
DDC Deck decompression chamber
DDS Deep diving system
DE Dispersive electrode
DEN Device experience network
DERS Drug exception ordering system
DES Diffuse esophageal spasm
d.f. Distribution function
DHCP Distributed Hospital Computer Program
DHE Dihematoporphyrin ether
DHEW Department of Health Education and
Welfare
DHHS Department ofHealthandHuman Services
DHT Duration of hypothermia
DI Deionized water
DIC Displacement current
DIS Diagnostic interview schedule
DL Double layer
DLI Difference lumen for intensity
DM Delta modulation
DME Dropping mercury electrode
DN Donation number
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DOF Degree of freedom
DOS Drug ordering system
DOT-NHTSA Department of Transportation Highway
Traffic Safety Administration
DPB Differential pencil beam
DPG Diphosphoglycerate
DQE Detection quantum efficiency
DRESS Depth-resolved surface coil spectroscopy
DRG Diagnosis-related group
DSA Digital subtraction angiography
DSAR Differential scatter-air ratio
DSB Double strand breaks
DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
D-T Deuterium-on-tritium
DTA Differential thermal analysis
d.u. Density unit
DUR Duration
DVT Deep venous thrombosis

ABBREVIATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - C

CA Conductive adhesives
CABG Coronary artery by-pass grafting
CAD/CAM Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing
CAD/D Computer-aided drafting and design
CADD Central axis depth dose
CAI Computer assisted instruction, Computer-aided instruction
CAM Computer-assisted management
CAMP Cyclic AMP
CAPD Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CAPP Child amputee prosthetic project
CAT Computerized axial tomography
CATS Computer-assisted teaching system; Computerized aphasia treatment system
CAVH Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration
CB Conjugated bilirubin; Coulomb barrier
CBC Complete blood count
CBF Cerebral blood flow
CBM Computer-based management
CBV Cerebral blood volume
CC Closing capacity
CCC Computer Curriculum Company
CCD Charge-coupled device
CCE Capacitance contact electrode
CCF Cross-correlation function
CCL Cardiac catheterization laboratory
CCM Critical care medical services
CCPD Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
CCTV Closed circuit television system
CCU Coronary care unit; Critical care unit
CD Current density
CDR Complimentary determining region
CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health
CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen
CF Conversion factor; Cystic fibrosis
CFC Continuous flow cytometer
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CFU Colony forming units
CGA Compressed Gas Association
CGPM General Conference on Weights and Measures
CHO Carbohydrate
CHO Chinese hamster ovary
CI Combination index
CICU Cardiac intensive care unit
CIF Contrast improvement factor
CIN Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
CK Creatine kinase
CLAV Clavicle
CLSA Computerized language sample analysis
CM Cardiomyopathy; Code modulation
CMAD Computer managed articulation diagnosis
CMI Computer-managed instruction
CMRR Common mode rejection ratio
CMV Conventional mechanical ventilation; Cytomegalovirus
CNS Central nervous system
CNV Contingent negative variation
CO Carbon monoxide; Cardiac output
COBAS Comprehensive Bio-Analysis System
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COR Center of rotation
CP Cerebral palsy; Closing pressure; Creatine phosphate
CPB Cardiopulmonary bypass
CPET Cardiac pacemaker electrode tips
CPM Computerized probe measurements
CPP Cerebral perfusion pressure; Cryoprecipitated plasma
CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
cps Cycles per second
CPU Central Processing unit
CR Center of resistance; Conditioned response; Conductive rubber; Creatinine
CRBB Complete right bundle branch block
CRD Completely randomized design
CRL Crown rump length
CRT Cathode ray tube
CS Conditioned stimulus; Contrast scale;
Crown seat
CSA Compressed spectral array
CSF Cerebrospinal fluid
CSI Chemical shift imaging
CSM Chemically sensitive membrane
CT Computed tomography; Computerized tomography
CTI Cumulative toxicity response index
CV Closing volume
C.V. Coefficient of variation
CVA Cerebral vascular accident
CVP Central venous pressure
CVR Cardiovascular resistance
CW Continuous wave
CWE Coated wire electrodes
CWRU Case Western Reserve University

ABBREVIATIONS IN LASER ENGINEERING - B

BEFWM - Brillouin enhanced four wave mixing
BFA - Brillouin fiber amplifier
BH - Buried heterostructure
BLIP - Background-limited infrared performance

ABBREVIATIONS IN LASER ENGINEERING - A

2DEG- two-dimensional electron gas
2PA   - two photon absorption
III-V -Group III, group V of periodic table
3HG - third harmonic generation
AEL - accessible emission limit
AFRRG - Active Fiber Ring Resonator Gyroscope
AM - amplitude modulation
AMVSB - Amplitude Modulation—Vestigal Side Band
ANSI - American National Standards Institute
AO - acousto-optic
AON - All Optical Networks
APD - avalanche photodiode
APDs - avalanche photodiodes
APM - additive pulse mode locking
AR - anti reflection
ARFG - Active Reentrant FiberGyroscope
ASE - amplified spontaneous emission
AWG - arrayed waveguide grating

ABBREVIATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - B

BA - Biliary atresia
BAEP - Brainstem auditory evoked potential
BAPN - Beta-amino-proprionitryl
BAS - Boston anesthesis system
BASO - Basophil
BB - Buffer base
BBT - Basal body temperature
BCC - Body-centered cubic
BCD - Binary-coded decimal
BCG - Ballistocardiogram
BCLS - Basic cardiac life support
BCRU - British Commitee on Radiation Units and Measurements
BDI - Beck depression inventory
BE - Base excess; Binding energy
BET - Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller methods
BH - Bundle of HIS
BI - Biological indicators
BIH - Beth Israel Hospital
BIPM - International Bureau of Weights and Measurements
BJT - Bipolar junction transistor
BMDP -Biomedical Programs
BME - Biomedical engineering
BMET - Biomedical equipment technician
BMO - Biomechanically optimized
BMR - Basal metabolic rate
BOL - Beginning of life
BP - Bereitschafts potential; Break point
BR - Polybutadiene
BRM - Biological response modifier
BRS - Bibliographic retrieval services
BSS - Balanced salt solution
BTG - Beta thromboglobulin
BTPS - Body temperature pressure saturated
BUN - Blood urea nitrogen
BW - Body weight

ABBREVIATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - A

AAMI - Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation
AAPM - American Association of Physicists in Medicine
ABC - Automatic brightness control
ABET - Accreditation board for engineering training
ABG - Arterial blood gases
ABLB - Alternative binaural loudness balance
ABS - Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene
ac - Alternating current
AC - Abdominal circumference; Affinity chromatography
ACA - Automated clinical analyzer
ACES - Augmentative communication evaluation system
ACL - Anterior chamber lens
ACLS - Advanced cardiac life support
ACOG - American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology
ACR - American College of Radiology
ACS - American Cancer Society; American College of Surgeons
A/D - Analog-to-digital
ADC - Agar diffusion chambers; Analog-to Digital Converter
ADCC - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
ADCL - Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratories
ADP - Adenosine diphosphate
A-D-T Admission, discharge, and transfer
AE - Anion exchange; Auxiliary electrode
AEA - Articulation error analysis
AEB - Activation energy barrier
AEC - Automatic exposure control
AED - Automatic external defibrillator
AEMB - Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology
AES - Auger electron spectroscopy
AESC - American Engineering Standards Committee
AET - Automatic exposure termination
AFO - Ankle-foot orthosis
AGC - Automatic gain control
AHA - American Heart Association
AI - Arterial insufficiency
AICD - Automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator
AID - Agency for International Development
AIDS - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AL - Anterior leaflet
ALG - Antilymphocyte globulin
ALS - Advanced life support; Amyotropic lateral sclerosis
ALT - Alanine aminotransferase
ALU - Arithmetic and logic unit
AM - Amplitude modulation
AMA - American Medical Association
AMU - Atomic mass units
ANOVA- Analysis of variance
ANSI - American National Standards Institute
AP - Action potential; Alternative pathway; Anteroposterior
APD - Anterioposterior diameter
APL - Adjustable pressure limiting valve; Applied Physics Laboratory
APR - Anatomically programmed radiography
AR - Amplitude reduction; Aortic regurgitation; Autoregressive
Ara-C Arabinosylcytosine
ARD - Absorption rate density
ARDS - Adult respiratory distress syndrome
ARGUS- Arrhythmia guard system
ARMA - Autoregressive-moving-average model
ARMAX- Autoregressive-moving-average model with external inputs
AS - Aortic stenosis
ASA - American Standards Association
ASCII- American standard code for information interchange
ASD - Antisiphon device
ASHE - American Society for Hospital Engineering
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials
AT - Adenosine-thiamide; Anaerobic threshold; Antithrombin
ATA - Atmosphere absolute
ATLS - Advanced trauma life support
ATN - Acute tubular necrosis
ATP - Adenosine triphosphate
ATPD - Ambient temperature pressure dry
ATPS - Ambient temperature pressure saturated
ATR - Attenuated total reflection
AUC - Area under curve
AUMC - Area under moment curve
AV - Atrioventricular
AZT - Azido thymidine