DIGITAL ANGIOGRAPHY

To create a blood or artery X-ray, also called digital angiography, iodine is injected into the veins and a digitized image is created. Then, a second image is established of only the parts of the X-rayed section without iodine. The first image is subtracted then a final image is produced containing both the first and second images together. Lastly, the results are printed. The doctor or surgeon then compares the results of the angiography to a perfect angiography structure to see if there are any malfunctions.

CATHERIZATION OF HEART - VIDEO

Left and Right Heart Catheterization and Angiogram

ANGIOGRAM VIDEOS

1.) ANGIOGRAM OF HEART


2.) CT ANGIOGRAM HEART SCAN BEATING


3.)CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAM-1

Dynamic contrast enhancement via emergent pattern formation by simple, reactive multi agent systems. The emergent patterns produced by the agents enhances the contrast seen between the blood vessels and the rest of the image.


4.)CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAM-2

Visualisation of agents as they live and move on the landscape consisting of a portion of a cerebral angiogram image.


5.) CT ANGIOGRAM HEART SCAN - COLOR 3D





6.) ANGIOGRAM OF UPPER EXTREMITY

ANGIOPLASTY

ANGIOPLASTY
Angioplasty is the mechanical widening of a narrowed or totally-obstructed blood vessel. These obstructions are often caused by atherosclerosis.

Coronary angioplasty

1.)Coronary angioplasty is a "percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty". The procedure was quickly adopted by numerous cardiologists and many leading medical centers throughout the world were adopting the procedure as a method to avoid bypass surgery.

2.)A small mesh tube, or "stent", is introduced into the blood vessel or artery to prop it open using percutaneous methods. Angioplasty with stenting is a viable alternative to heart surgery.It has consistently been shown to reduce symptoms due to coronary artery disease and to reduce cardiac ischemia, but has not been shown in large trials to reduce mortality due to coronary artery disease, except in patients being treated for a heart attack acutely (also called primary angioplasty). There is a small but definite reduction of mortality with this form of treatment compared with medical therapy, which usually consists of the administration of thrombolytic medication.

VIDEO ON CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY

Peripheral angioplasty

Peripheral angioplasty refers to the use of mechanical widening in opening blood vessels other than the coronary arteries. It is often called percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or PTA. PTA is most commonly done to treat narrowings in the leg arteries, especially the common iliac, external iliac, superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. PTA can also be done to treat narrowings in veins.

VIDEO ON PERIPHERAL ANGIOPLASTY

Renal artery angioplasty

Atherosclerotic obstruction of the renal artery can be treated with angioplasty of the renal artery (percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty,PTRA). Renal artery stenosis(Narrowing of Renal artery) can lead to hypertension and loss of renal function.

VIDEO ON RENAL ANGIOPLASTY

Carotid angioplasty

Generally, carotid artery stenosis is treated with angioplasty and stenting for high risk patients in many hospitals. It has changed since the FDA has approved the first carotid stent system (Cordis) in July 2004 and the second (Guidant) in August 2004. The system comprises a stent along with an embolic capture device designed to reduce or trap emboli and clot debris. Angioplasty and stenting is increasingly being used to also treat carotid stenosis, with success rates similar to carotid endarterectomy surgery. Simple angioplasty without stenting is falling out of favor in this vascular bed. SAPPHIRE, a large trial comparing carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting with the Cordis stent found stenting non-inferior to carotid endarterectomy.

VIDEOS ON CAROTID ANGIOPLASTY

Brigham and Women's Hospital Cardiovascular Center hosted a live Webcast for viewers to watch and learn more about endovascular stenting for the treatment of atherosclerotic carotid stenosis, a blockage of the main artery to the neck that is a common cause of stroke in America.This procedure represents a true collaborative effort - bringing together the expertise of the BWH cardiac catheterization laboratory and its vascular surgery department - a combination that benefits patient outcomes.

Watch CAROTID ANGIOPLASTY VIDEO

CATH LAB & ANGIOGRAPHY

CATH LAB

A catheterization laboratory or cath lab is an examination room in a hospital or clinic with diagnostic imaging equipment to support the catheterization procedure. A catheter is inserted into a large artery, and various wires and devices can be inserted through the body via the ateries. The artery most used is in the femoral artery.

ANGIOGRAPHY

Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique in which an X-ray picture is taken to visualize the inner opening of blood filled structures, including arteries, veins and the heart chambers. Its name comes from the Greek words angeion, "vessel", and graphien, "to write or record". The X-ray film or image of the blood vessels is called an angiograph, or more commonly, an angiogram.

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY

Cerebral angiography or arteriography is a form of medical imaging that visualizes the arterial and venous supply of the brain.


CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY

A coronary catheterization is a minimally invasive procedure to access the coronary circulation and blood filled chambers of the heart using a catheter. It is performed for both diagnostic and interventional (treatment) purposes.

PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Pulmonary angiography (or pulmonary arteriography) is a cardiological medical procedure. Pulmonary blood vessels are x-rayed to detect blood clots (such as a pulmonary embolism) or arteriovenous malformations. Direct angiography is the injection of radiocontrast into the circulation with subsequent fluoroscopy (direct X-ray visualisation) of the lungs. A more common form of direct angiography, which is regarded as the gold standard for pulmonary embolism, is the catheterisation of the right atrium of the heart and injection of radiocontrast into the right heart.

LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY

Lymphangiography is a radiographic procedure for imaging the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes and lymph vessels are visualised after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium.


MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY

Magnetic Resonance Angiography is the imaging of blood vessels using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) is used to generate pictures of the arteries in order to evaluate them for stenosis (abnormal narrowing) or aneurysms (vessel wall dilatations, at risk of rupture). MRA is often used to evaluate the arteries of the neck and brain, the thoracic and abdominal aorta, the renal arteries, and the legs (called a "run-off"). A variety of techniques can be used to generate the pictures, such as administration of a paramagnetic contrast agent (gadolinium) or using a technique known as "flow-related enhancement" (e.g. 2D and 3D time-of-flight sequences), where most of the signal on an image is due to blood which has recently moved into that plane. Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) is a similar procedure that is used to image veins. In this method the tissue is now excited inferiorly while signal is gathered in the plane immediately superior to the excitation plane, and thus imaging the venous blood which has recently moved from the excited plane.


PICTURES OF CATHLAB & CATH LAB SURGERY

CATH LAB












CATH LAB CATHERIZATION

















FLUOROSCOPY

ANGIOGRAM


CARDIAC ANGIOGRAM

NEURO ANGIOGRAM


HAND